\documentstyle{article} % for multicolumn % \documentstyle[multicol]{article} \input idevn.tex % TeX macros that ease ITRANS devanagari font usage %----- % ITRANS song book....prepend this header to print out songs, % using TeX (either Devnac or Devnag font) % >>>>>>>> Need ITRANS 4.0 <<<<<<<<< %----- % User Configuration Option -- One column or Two column output. \def\maketwocolumn{YES} % Uncomment this for 2-column printing %\def\makelandscape{YES} % Uncomment this for landscape format \pagestyle{empty} \def\EN#1{} % empty operator \def\m+{\sBs{-0.30}{\char32}\kRn{-0.5}\sBs{0.50}{\char94}\ } \newcommand{\SCOUNT}{\stepcounter{scounter}\arabic{scounter}} \newcounter{scounter} %\newcommand{\BCOUNT}{\stepcounter{bcounter}\arabic{bcounter}} %\newcounter{bcounter} %\newcommand{\CCOUNT}{\stepcounter{ccounter}\arabic{ccounter}} %\newcounter{ccounter} %\newcommand{\resetCCOUNT}{\setcounter{ccounter}{0}} %\newcommand{\addline}{\medskip\hrule\medskip} %\newcommand{\separate}{\medskip\hrule\medskip\setcounter{scounter}{0}} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Edit this if needed, default should be ok for most users. \ifx\undefined\maketwocolumn % --- One column output \let\usedvng=\LARGEdvng % 17pt devanagari font % \let\usedvng=\Hugedvng % ??pt devanagari font \let\smallcmr=\eightrm \let\titlefont=\tenrm \else % --- Two column output \let\usedvng=\normaldvng % 10pt devanagri font \let\smallcmr=\sixrm \let\titlefont=\eightrm \fi % font options (normaldvng, largedvng, etc): % sizes: normal < large < Large < LARGE < huge < Huge %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % if needed, redefine "space" to allow each input line to be broken into % multiple output lines (\let =~ is the default, which enforces line rule) % That has to done in the idevn.tex file, or add this command after % \startsong in your input file: % {\global\let =\ }% Comment this out for: 1 input line --> 1 output line % (you cannot uncomment the command here, it has to appear after \startsong) %----- % Uncomment one of the following paragraphs: % First one is for Frans Velthuis's font. % Second one uses the font that is bundled with the ITRANS package. % ONLY one of these should be uncommented at any one time............. % ** Frans's font....(Metafont) (Uncomment the following TWO lines.) #indianifm=dvng.ifm % ITRANS command #indianfont=\fransdvng %-----OR-------- % ** Devnac font (PostScript) (Uncomment the following TWO lines.) % #indianifm=dvnc.ifm % ITRANS command % #indianfont=\postdvng #useshortmarkers % this allows use of ## (beginindian) and ## (endindian) % ----------------------------------------------------------------- % Page Settings \ifx\undefined\makelandscape % Use Portrait Size Page \portraitpage % use a slightly wider page \addtolength{\textwidth}{0.25in} \else % Use Landscape Size Page \landscapepage \fi % \setlength{\topmargin}{-1.25in} % real margin == this + 1in % \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-.75in} % real margin == this + 1in % \setlength{\evensidemargin}{-0.0in} % real margin == this + 1in % \setlength{\textwidth}{8.0in} % \setlength{\textheight}{10.75in}% % ----------------------------------------------------------------- % The idevn.tex file is now included with ITRANS 4.0, but it has % a new method of specifying the songtitle (using printtitle). % For backward compatibility, need to define songtitle. \def\songtitle#1#2#3#4{% \film{#1}\singer{#2}\lyrics{#3}\music{#4}\printtitle} % ----------------------------------------------------------------- \font\titled=dvng10 scaled\magstep1 \raggedright % since the words are long, this reduces the long % gaps that appear when TeX justifies the lines. %\parskip 3 pt % to slightly increase the space between the shlokas. \parindent 0pt \begin{document} % from startsong command: \def\-{{\englfont -}}% \def\.{{\englfont .}}% \usedvng % use whatever font the user wants...default normaldvng \englfont % usedvng makes default font indian, restore english font % end from startsong command % \ifx\undefined\maketwocolumn \relax \else \twocolumn[\centerline{##\titled .. toTakaashhTakaM .. ##}\bigskip] \fi %\hrule height0.4pt % ----------------------- End of ishdr.itx ------------------------ %\obeylines %\obeyspaces %\obeyspaceslines #indian % for multicolumn % ## \centerline{\titled } ## % \begin{multicols}{5} ## \centerline{toTakaashhTakaM\footnote{Send your corrections to Anand Hudli at ahudli@silver.ucs.indiana.edu}} {\rm %From: anand hudli %Subject: O Shankara, be my refuge! (toTakaashhTakam) Here is an article containing the toTakaashhTakam, eight verses composed in honor of Adi Shankaraachaarya. A short description of the advaita paramparaa and a short account of Shankara's disciple toTaka are included. \medskip \leftline{Invocation:} \medskip ## sha.nkaraM sha.nkaraachaaryaM keshavaM baadaraayaNam.h |\\ suutrabhaashhyakR^itau vande bhagavantau punaH punaH ||\\ ## \smallskip I offer obeisances again and again to shrii Veda Vyaasa, the author of the Brahma suutras, who is none other than Lord VishNu, and shrii Shankaraachaarya, the commentator on those suutras, who is none other than Lord Shiva. \leftline{advaita guru-paramparaa:} \medskip ## nArAyaNaM padmabhuvaM vasishhThaM shaktiM cha tatputraparaasharaM cha |\\ vyaasaM shukaM gauDapadaM mahAntaM govindayogiindramathaasya shishhyam.h ||\\ \medskip shrii sha.nkaraachaaryamathaasya padmapaadaM cha hastaamalakaM cha shishhyam.h |\\ taM toTakaM vaati.rkakaaramanyaanasmadguruun sa.ntatamaanato .asmi ||\\ ## \smallskip These two verses honor the advaita paramparaa. The names mentioned here, in order, are 1) Shriiman naaraayaNa, 2) Brahmaa, 3) VasishhTha, 4) Shakti, 5) Paraashara, 6) Vyaasa, 7) Shuka, 8) GauDapaada, 9) Govindapaada, 10) Shrii (Adi) Shankaraachaarya, and his four disciples, 11) Padmapaada, 12) Hastaamalaka, 13) toTaka, and 14) Sureshvara, and other Gurus. \medskip Sureshvara is also known as Vaarttikakaara because he wrote the famous vaarttika's on the BRihadaaraNyaka and taittiriiya upanishhads. \medskip ShriimannArAyaNa instructed the Vedas to Brahmaa. The Vedas have no author, and are hence called ``apaurushheya.'' Veda Vyaasa authored the Brahma suutra and other texts, such as the Giitaa, to expound the knowledge of the Vedas. \medskip Jagadguru Adi Shankaraachaarya is a unique historical figure of India in that he combined within himself the characteristics of a poet, logician, an ardent devotee and a mystic and at the same time was the leading exponent of the system of philosophy called advaita. In his commentaries on the Prasthanatraya, he exhibited a rare faculty of relentlessly logical and concatenated argument and refutation, and such subtlety of reasoning as has been unsurpassed in the philosophical works of the world. \medskip His main teachings may be summarized as the affirmation of Samsaara or succession of births and deaths due to Karma and its significance, the realization of the essential relativity of phenomena in comparsion to the reality of the Supreme Self, the realization of that Self not being a mere theoretical exercise, but in the nature of the direct realization and actual experience taught by the upanishadic saying, tattvam asi, ``You are That.'' \medskip On the occasion of Shrii Shankara Jayanti, I decided to post the popular stotra on Shankara known as ``toTakaashhTaka.'' The hymn is so called because it has been composed in the difficult but beautiful meter called toTaka. There is an interesting history associated with this stotra. Anandagiri was one of the less scholarly disciples living with Shankara at Sringeri. But Giri, as he was called, was extremely devoted to the Achaarya. Giri would always engage himself in the service of his Guru. Once it so happened that Shankara was about to begin his usual morning discourse on the upanishads and the other disciples started reciting the shaanti paaTha. But Giri was absent because he had gone to the river to wash his Guru's clothes. So Shankara asked the other disciples to wait for Giri's return. But Padmapaada, who was obviously proud of his erudition, said, ``Giri is a dull fellow. He really does not deserve to learn the shaastras. What is the point in waiting for him to join us?'' \medskip Shankara decided to humble the pride of Padmapaada and other disciples. Out of sheer compassion for Giri, the Achaarya blessed him with the knowledge of the shaastras, making use of supernatural powers to do so. As a result, Giri became a learned scholar instantaneously. Returning from the river, he composed the toTakaashhTaka, eight verses in praise of his Guru. The other disciples were struck with wonder to hear him extemporaneously compose the ashhTaka in the difficult meter. Giri also composed another work, again in the toTaka meter, called the ShrutisaarasamuddharaNa. Due to the grace of the Guru, Giri became a knower of all scriptures, and he earned the respect of Padmapaada and other disciples. He came to be known as toTakaachaarya, because he was an adept in composing verses in the toTaka meter. He became one of Shankara's four most important disciples, and was later entrusted with running the JyotirmaTh at Badari. \medskip The above story is from the Shankara digvijaya of Madhava-Vidyaranya. \medskip\hrule\medskip \centerline{## .. toTakAshhTakaM ..##} \medskip The toTakaashhTaka has been composed in the toTaka meter, in which each paada (quarter) has four sa-gaNa's. Here a sa-gaNa is made up of two short syllables followed by a long one. The hymn naturally lends itself to be set to music. A suggested Raaga is (Hindustaani) toDi. \medskip ## viditaakhilashaastrasudhaajaladhe mahitopanishhat kathitaarthanidhe |\\ hR^idaye kalaye vimalaM charaNaM bhava sha.nkara deshika me sharaNam.h || 1||\\ ## \smallskip O knower of the nectar-ocean of the scriptures, the expounder of the knowledge of the great upanishadic treasure! I meditate on Your pure lotus feet in my heart. O Preceptor Shankara, be my refuge. \medskip ## karuNaavaruNaalaya paalaya maaM bhavasaagaraduHkhaviduunahR^idam.h |\\ rachayaakhiladarshanatattvavidaM bhava sha.nkara deshika me sharaNam.h || 2||\\ ## \smallskip Save me whose heart is afflicted by the misery of the ocean of births, O (You who are) the ocean of compassion! (By Your grace) make me the knower of the truths of all the systems of philosophy. O Preceptor Shankara, be my refuge. \medskip ## bhavataa janataa suhitaa bhavitaa nijabodhavichaaraNa chaarumate |\\ kalayeshvarajiivavivekavidaM bhava sha.nkara deshika me sharaNam.h || 3||\\ ## The people have found happiness due to You, who have the intellect adept in the inquiry into Self-knowledge. Make me understand the knowledge of God and the soul. O Preceptor Shankara, be my refuge. \medskip ## bhava eva bhavaaniti me nitaraaM samajaayata chetasi kautukitaa |\\ mama vaaraya mohamahaajaladhiM bhava sha.nkara deshika me sharaNaM || 4||\\ ## You are Lord Shiva Himself. Knowing this my mind is filled with an abundance of joy. Put an end to my sea of delusion. O Preceptor Shankara, be my refuge. \medskip ## sukR^ite .adhikR^ite bahudhaa bhavato bhavitaa samadarshanalaalasataa |\\ atidiinamimaM paripaalaya maaM bhava sha.nkara deshika me sharaNam.h || 5||\\ ## Only after numerous virtuous deeds have been performed in many ways, does a keen desire for the experience of Brahman through You arise. Protect (me who am) extremely helpless. O Preceptor Shankara, be my refuge. \medskip ## jagatiimavituM kalitaakR^itayo vicharanti mahaamahasashchhalataH |\\ ahimaaMshurivaatra vibhaasi guro bhava sha.nkara deshika me sharaNam.h || 6||\\ ## \smallskip For the sake of saving the world, (Your) great (disciples) wander assuming various forms and guises. O Guru, You shine like the sun (among them). O Preceptor Shankara, be my refuge. \medskip ## gurupu.ngava pu.ngavaketana te samataamayataaM nahi ko .api sudhiiH |\\ sharaNaagatavatsala tattvanidhe bhava sha.nkara deshika me sharaNam.h || 7||\\ ## \smallskip O Best among the Gurus! The Lord whose flag bears the emblem of the bull! You have no equal among the wise. You who are affectionate to those who seek refuge! The treasure of truth! O Preceptor Shankara, be my refuge. \medskip ## viditaa na mayaa vishadaikakalaa na cha ki.nchana kaaJNchanamasti guro |\\ drutameva vidhehi kR^ipaaM sahajaaM bhava sha.nkara deshika me sharaNam.h || 8||\\ ## \smallskip I have neither understood even one branch of knowledge clearly, nor do I possess any wealth, O Guru. Quickly bestow on me the compassion which is natural to You. O Preceptor Shankara, be my refuge. \medskip\hrule\medskip \leftline{More Information:} \medskip A life-sketch of Shankara and information on advaita may be found at:\\ http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~vidya/advaita/advaita.html } % Closure of \rm ## \medskip #endindian \end{document}