% Text title            : bhagavatIlakShmIH
% File name             : bhagavatIlakShmIH.itx
% Category              : devii, lakShmI, devI
% Location              : doc\_devii
% Author                : narendranAtha sharmA chaudhurI
% Transliterated by     : Jonathan Wiener wiener78 at sbcglobal.net
% Proofread by          : Jonathan Wiener wiener78 at sbcglobal.net, NA
% Description/comments  : Article describing importance of and reference to literature on Lakshmi
% Latest update         : December 31, 2018
% Send corrections to   : sanskrit at cheerful dot c om
%
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\engtitle{.. Bhagavati Lakshmi ..}##
\itxtitle{.. bhagavatI lakShmIH ..}##\endtitles ##
(narendranAtha sharmA chaudhurI)##
In this article the learned author has discussed the various
aspects of Goddess lakShmI and her relation with viShNu,
sarasvatI and uShA. lakShmI is regarded as the wife of viShNu,
and sarasvatI has also been regarded as her co-wife. In the
Rigveda Goddess uShA has been conceived both as gold-coloured
(##hiraNyavarNA##) and white coloured (##shubhrA##); gold-colour
signifying her gold giving capacity, and the white colour her
knowledge-bestowing capacity. In course of time the Vedic deity
uShA evolved into the purANic and tAntric goddesses lakShmI
(conceived as gold-coloured and wealth-bestowing), and sarasvatI
(conceived as white-coloured, and bestower of knowledge).

The worship of lakShmI has been prescribed on the occasions
of the kojAgara-pUrNimA of the lunar month Ashvina, and
the dIpAvalI-amAvasyA (of the kArtika month). The author
has criticised the custom of gambling on the occasions of
lakShmI-worship, although it has been prescribed by Raghunandana
in his Tithitattva. The custom might be due to a confusion
between the akShas (the casts of gambling) and the akShamAlA
(which really means 'rosary') of Goddess lakShmI. On account of
her wealth-bestowing capacity lakShmI has also been associated
with Kubera whose worship is recommended along with the worship
of lakShmI.##

bhagavatyA lakShmyAH prasiddhirasmin bhArate varShe sutarAM sarvatraiva
vartate | R^igvedasya khile shrIsUkte\, saubhAgyalakShmyupaniShadAdiShu
cha devIyaM samyak samAmnAyate | asyAH pUjanaM mAhAtmyaM cha purANe
tantre.api visheSheNa varNitamasti | \ldq{}lakShmIH padmAlayA padmA kamalA
shrIrharipriyA\rdq{} (1\-4\-54) ityAdayo.asyA amarakoShadhR^itA vAchakAH
shabdAH | teShu cha shrIriti nAma nitarAM prasiddhyati |

athAsyAH purANe tantre cha varNanaM kIdR^isham ? kiM vA tasya
tAtparyam ? kashchAsyAH sambandhaH sarasvatyA\, viShNunA\, uShasA cha?
ki~nchAsyAstattvaM rahasyaM cha ? ityetatsarvamatra samAsena vivichyate |

lakShmIH khalu samudramanthanasamaye prAdurabhUditi shAstre samIritam |
atra bhAratam \- \ldq{}shrIranantaramutpannA ghR^itAt pANDuravAsinI\rdq{} |
(1\-18\-35) atra bhAgavataM cha |
     \ldq{}tatashchAvirabhUtsAkShAchChrI ramA bhagavatpriyA\rdq{} | (8\-8\-8)
atha kIdR^ishamasyA rUpamityatra smArta\-raghunandanasya tithitattve
kojAgarakR^itye AdityapurANadhR^itaM dhyAnaM yathA \-
     \ldq{}pAshAkShamAlikAmbhojasR^iNibhiryAmyasaumyayoH |
     padmAsanasthAM dhyAyechcha shriyaM trailokyamAtaram || 
     gauravarNAM surUpAM cha sarvAla~NgArabhUShitAm | 
     raukmapadmavyagrakarAM varadAM dakShiNena tu\rdq{} || 
(chaNDIcharaNasmR^itibhUShaNaprakAshitaM tithitattvaM\, kojAgara\-kR^ityam\,
pR^iShThA~NkAH 381)

dhyAnAdasmAdavagamyate yad bhagavatIyaM padmAsanasthA\, gauravarNA\,
hastadvayena keShAMchinmate hastachatuShTayena vA pAshaM\,
rudrAkShajapamAlAM\, padmama~NkushaM cha bibharti | parametat
sarvametasyAH karmajAtaM hi prakaTIkaroti | tathA hi lakShmIto janAnAM
bhAyAbandhanaM pAshena\, dharmAdikarma cha rudrAkShajapamAlayA\,
saundaryasampadAnanda\-vardhanaM cha padmena\, duHkhotpAdanaM chA~Nkushena
vyajyate | evaM cha bhagavatIyaM dhanAdidevatA vartate | tatashcha dhanAd
yathA bandhanaM duHkhaM cha bhavati\, tathA dharmaH sukhamAnandaM cha
sa~njAyate | ityeva dhyAnenAnena sUchitam |

iyaM hi devI lakShayati pashyati prasannA prapannamiti lakShmIH\,
shrayati vA viShNumiti shrIshcha nigadyate | 

\ldq{}shrIM\rdq{} ityasyAH prasiddho bIjamantraH | dhyAnena
yadrUpamupatiShThate tadeva bIjamantrArthaH | 

eShA tAvad viShNornArAyaNasya patnIti gIyate | asyAH sapatnI vAgdevI
sarasvatI vartate | 

atha lakShmIH khalu chAndrAshvinamAsasya kojAgarapaurNamAsyAM visheSheNa
samarchyate | tasyAM rAtrau akShairjAgaraNaM cha shAstre vihitam | yathA
tithitattve kojAgara\-kR^itye raghunandanaH \- \ldq{}akShairjAgaraNaM
charet\rdq{} (chaNDIcharaNasmR^itibhUShaNaprakAshitaM tithitattvaM
kojAgarakR^ityam\, pR^iShThA~NkAH 380) yathA cha punastatraiva \-

     \ldq{}nishIthe varadA lakShmIH ko jAgartIti bhAShiNI | 
     tasmai vittaM prayachChAmi akShaiH krIDAM karoti yaH | (pR^i0 380\-381)

paraM vidhAnametat durvidhAnamivAbhAti | tathA hi R^igvede.api
akShasUktaM vartate\, satyam\, kintu tatra akShanindaiva kR^itA
vedapuruSheNa\, akShakrIDA cha niShiddhA; yathA \- \ldq{}akShairmA
dIvyaH kR^iShibhit kR^iShasva\rdq{} (10\-34\-13) | shrImahAbhArate.api
sabhAparvaNi aShTapa~nchAdashA.adhyAye durodarasya nindaiva vihitA
bhagavatA vyAsena; yathA \- \ldq{}dyUtamanarthamUlam\rdq{}\, yathA
cha punastatraiva ekonaShaShTitame.adhyAye\- \ldq{}devanaM pApam\rdq{};
tathApi kojAgara\-rAtrau katha~NkAraM vihitAkShakrIDeti vichitramivaitat
pratibhAti | paramatraitat sambhAvyate yat purANe varNitAyA lakShmIdevyA
haste sthitAkShamAlikaiva vidhAnasyAsya hetuH | kintu pUrvametaduktameva
yat sAkShamAlikA tattvato rudrAkShamAlaivAsti\, na tu dyUtAkShAH | ataeva
vidhirayaM shrutibhAratAdismR^itiviruddhaH svArthasiddhyarthaM kenachit
prakShipta iveti samAmananti vidvAMsaH |

evaM cha lakShmIH dIpAnvitAyAmamAvAsyAyAmapi pradoShe pUjyate\,
yatastasyAmeva rAtrau mahApralayAt paraM mahAshaktiH punaH sR^iShTyarthaM
prAdurabhUt |

atha lakShmIdevyA sAkaM kuberasyApi shAkhe pUjA vihitA |
kuberaH khalu munervishravasaH \ldq{}iDaviDA\rdq{}\-nAmadheyAyAM
\ldq{}milavilA\rdq{}\-nAmadheyAyAM vA bhAryAyAM jAtaH putraH | ayaM
hi dhanAdhipastryambakasakho yakSharAjashchAsti | nikaShA\-nandanatya
rAkShasarAjasya rAvaNasyAyaM vaimAtreyo bhrAtA cha vartate | kutsitA~NgaH
kuShThI cheti kubera iti nAmnAyaM vyapadishyate | parantu lakShmIdevyAH
bhAShAkathAyAmuktaM yat kuberaH lakShmInArAyaNayoH putro.astIti | kimidam?
kiM vA chAsya mUlam ! uchyate | dhanasambandhAd dhanAdhipaH kubero.api
dhanAdhidevatAyA lakShmyAH kAlakrameNa loke putratvaM lambhita ityeva
sa~NgachChate | anyathA yakSharAjasya naravAhanasya manuShyadharmaNaH
kuberasya lakShmInArAyaNayoH putratvaM durupapAdameva vidyate | ki~ncha
R^igvedasya khile shrIsUkte devasakhaH (shivasakhaH) iti nAmnA kuberaH
shrUyate \ldq{}shrIda\rdq{} iti nAma kashchid R^iShishcha lakShmyAH
putra iti chAmnAyate | \ldq{}shrIda\rdq{} iti kuberasya nAmAntaramiti
cha koShato j~nAyate | ataH kuberasyApi katha~nchit lakShmyAH putratvaM
shrutisiddhamevAstIti mA vochaH\, yataH shrIdasya shrIsUkte R^iShitvena
shrutatvAt \, kuberasya tu tathA prasiddhatvAchcheti dik |

atha kutreyaM lakShmIH prativasatIti prashne shrImahAbhArate\,
anushAsanaparvaNi\, ekAdashe.adhyAye lakShmIvAkyam \-
     \ldq{}vasAmi nityaM subhage pragalbhe\, dakShe nare karmasu vidyamAne |
     akrodhane devapare kR^itaj~ne jitendriye nityamudIrNasattve ||\rdq{} (6)

yathArthametat | IdR^isha eva jano lakShmyAH paraM bhAjanaM bhavati |
jagatyasmina samR^iddhaye satyaM praNidhAtavyametadasti |

atha tantra\-shAstre shrIrlakShmIH kamalA vA\, kAlyAdimahAvidyAsvanyatamA
vidyate | iyaM hi kA~nchanasannibhA\, sindUrAruNakAntirvA chakAsti |
chaturbhirgajairhR^istAkShipta\-hiraNyakR^itaghaTairAsichyamAnA\,
chaturbhujA cha vartate | asyA aShTau shaktayaH santi | tAsu cha uShA
devI sarasvatI chAnyatamA vidyate | yathA vaiShNavacharaNaprakAshite
kR^iShNAnandasya tantrasAre mahAlakShmImantraprakaraNe \-
     \ldq{}umAdyAH patramadhyasthA shaktIraShTau yajet kramAt | 
     athomA shrIsarasvatyau durgA dharaNisaMyutA | 
     gAyatrI devyuShA cheti padmahastA sushobhanA || iti (pR^iShThA~NkA 130)

na kevalaM dhanArthinA\, vidyArthinApi sadeyaM sevyA dhyAtavyA chArkamaNDale
ityapi tantrasAre lakShmIkavache\, lakShmIprayoge choktam (pR^iShThA~NkAH
419\, 473)

atha sarasvatyA api mArtaNDamaNDala eva dhyAnaM tantrasAre sarasvatIprayoge
(pR^iShThA~NkAH 473) vihitam | iyaM cha sarasvatI devI shubhrakAntiH\,
sitAbje niShaNNA\, vidyAdhidevatA\, vidyAdAyinI\, sakalavibhava\-siddhidA
cha proktA | yathA sarasvatI lakShmyAH shaktistathA lakShmIrapi
sarasvatyAstanurvartate | yathA tithitattve pa~nchamIprakaraNe \-

     \ldq{}lakShmIrmedhA dharA puShTi gaurI tuShTiH prabhA dhR^itiH 
     etAbhiH pAhi tanubhiraShTAbhirmAM sarasvati ||\ldq{} (pR^iShThA0 138\-139)
api cha shrIshabdo yathA lakShmIvAchakastathA sarasvatIvAchako.api | atra khalu
tithitattve \- (pR^iShThA~NkAH 136) \ldq{}pa~nchamyAM shrIrapi shriyam ||\rdq{} iti\, 
     \ldq{}pa~nchamyAM pUjayellakShmIM puShpadhUpAnnavAribhiH | 
     masyAdhAraM lekhanIM cha pUjayenna likhettataH || 
     mAghe mAsi site pakShe pa~nchamI yA shriyaH priyA | 
     tasyAM pUrvAhNa eveha kAryaH sArasvatotsavaH ||\ldq{}
(pR^iShThA~NkAH\, 136\-138) iti cha shAstravachanaM samuddhR^itya\, 
     \ldq{}lakShmI\-sarasvatI\-dhI\-trivarga\-sampad\-vibhUti\-shobhAsu | 
     upakaraNa\-vesharachanAsu cha shrIriti prathitA ||\ldq{} 

iti vyADikoShaM cha pradarshya smArtena raghunandanenApi shrIshabdasya
sarasvatIparatvamapi supratipAditamasti |

athaitebhyo vachanAdibhyaH spaShTamidaM pratIyate yad vedasya kAchit
sUryamaNDala sambandhinI prasiddhaiva devI mahAbhAgyAt karmapR^ithaktvAt
purANe tantre cha lakShmInAmnA sarasvatInAmnA cha rUpabhedena
cha pR^ithak pUjyate | paraM nAstyanayostattvataH kashchid bhedaH |
anyathAnayorubhayoH sUryamaNDalasambandhaH shrIprabhR^iti \- nAmadheyasAmyaM
karmavisheShAdisAmyaM cha nopapadyate |

atha kAsau mahAbhAgA vaidikI devI yA purANe tantre cha lakShmIH sarasvatI
cha sa~njAteti prashne prochyate\-vaidikI uShA eva sA devatA chakAsti
| katham ? shrUyatAm | R^igvede lakShmIshabdaH khalu \ldq{}saktumiva
tita_unA\rdq{} ityAdimantre \ldq{}bhadraiShAM lakShmIrnihitAdhivAchi
|\rdq{} (10\-71\-2) ityatra sakR^ideva shrUyate | na tatrAsti shrIsUktaM
na vA lakShmIsUktam | yatsarasvatIsUktaM R^igvede dR^ishyate tattu
nadIparaM na tu vidyAdevI paramiti tu nirvivAdameva | paraM tatra
khilabhAge shrIsUktamekamavashyaM vartate | tattu pashchAt saMyojitamiti
tasya khilanAmnA siddhameva | parantu R^igvede bhagavatI uShAdevI khalu
suprasiddhA | sA cha \ldq{}hiraNyavarNA\rdq{} (7\-70\-2) \ldq{}shubhrA\rdq{}
(4\-51\-6) cheti\, \ldq{}revatI\rdq{} (3\-61\-6) \ldq{}prachetAshcheti\rdq{}
(3\-61\-1)\, \ldq{}sUryasya yoShA\rdq{} (7\-75\-5) cheti cha varNyate
| ataeva dR^ishyate yat uShA lakShmIvat suvarNavarNA\, sarasvatIvat
shubhravarNA cha | iyaM na kevalaM dhanAdhidevatA\, j~nAnAdhidevatA
cha | lakShmIvadasyAH pradhAnaM karma na kevalaM dhanadAnaM\, parantu
sarasvatIvat j~nAnadAnaM cha | iyaM cha sUryasya patnI | ato.asyA aparaM
nAma \ldq{}sUryA\rdq{} iti shrUyate | atra yAskaH \- \ldq{}sUryA sUryasya
patnI | eShaivAbhi sR^iShTakAlatamA |\rdq{} (niruktam \, 12\-7\-2)
asya vyAkhyAne durgaH \- \ldq{}eShaiva uShAH abhisR^iShTakAlatamA yathA
sUryasyodayakAlaM pratyabhisR^iShTatamA bhavati gatatamA bhavati\, tathA
tathA saiShA uShAH sUryA sampadyate | itthamavadAtametad yat uShA devI\,
vaidikasya viShNoHpatnI\, dhyAnAdisaukaryArthaM pUjAdisaukaryArtheM cha\,
suvarNavarNena samaM suvarNAdirUpasya dhanasya\, shubhravarNena cha samaM
nirmalasya j~nAnasya cha saMyojanena\, purANe tantre cha lakShmIH sarasvatI
cha sampannA | tena cha\, vede satyAmapi prasiddhyau\, uShAdevI purANe
tantre cha\, tena rUpeNa na pUjyate na vA dR^ishyate\, yataH khalviyaM tatra
rUpAntarameva prAptA\, ataeva punastatra uShorUpeNAvirbhAvasyAvashyakataiva
nAlokyate |

matasyAsya puShTiH khalu R^igvedasya khilAt shrIsUktAt sutarAM jAyate |
tathA cha shrIsUkte shrUyate \-
     \ldq{}chandrAM hiraNmayIM lakShmIM jAtavedo ma Avaha |\rdq{}
     anyachacha\-\ldq{}shriyaM devImupahvaye |\rdq{}
     aparaM cha \- \ldq{}AdityavarNe |\rdq{}
     ki~ncha \- \ldq{}sUryAM hiraNmayIM lakShmIM jAtavedo ma Avaha |\rdq{}
     api cha \- mahAlakShmyai cha vidmahe viShNupatnyai cha dhImahi |
                tanno lakShmIH prachodayAt |

athaitebhyaH shrIsUktashrutivAkyebhyo vij~nAyate yat
shrIrlakShmIrmahAlakShmIshchaikA eva devatA | iyaM hi hiraNyavarNA\,
AdityavarNA\, shubhravarNA cha | iyaM punaH sUryasya patnI sUryA\,
viShNupatnI cha |

eva~nchAnena lakShmyA vaishiShTyena samamatra draShTavyaM yanmahAbhAgA
bhagavatI uShAdevyapi nabhasi\, prakR^ityA\, pratidinaM\, pratyuShaH\,
hiraNyavarNA\, tatashchAdityavarNA\, tadanantaraM cha shubhravarNA
samAlokyate | iyaM punarmadhyAkAshavartino viShNusaMj~nakasya sUryasya
patnI sUryA iti cha shrUyate | api cha bhagavatIyaM vibhAtasamaye
savanAdikarmasu preraNAd dhanaM\, tatashcha svAdhyAyAdikarmasu
preraNAchcha j~nAnaM janayati | ataeva iyameva varNakramAdibhedAd
uShasi lakShmIrUpaM\, tatashcha sarasvatIrUpaM pratipadyate
tena cha lakShmIsarasvatyoH sUryamaNDalasambandhidevatAtvaM\,
parasparashaktitvaM\, nAmAdyabhedashchopapadyate | eva~ncha
lakShmyAH kA~nchanakAntitvaM\, sindUrAruNakAntitvaM cha\, tathA
prabhAtakiraNatoyairdiggajAsichyamAnamUrtitvam\, uShasaH shaktitvaM cha
sarvaM susama~njasameva bhavati | aparaM cha tamaH\-samudrAt prAtaruShasaH
prAdurbhAva eva samudramanthanAt lakShmyA AvirbhAvarUpeNa purANe
varNita eva iti yat tadapi suvachameva bhavati | itthaM cha \ldq{}idaM
viShNurvichakrame tredhA nidadhe padam\rdq{} iti shrutyA R^igvedasthayA
(1\-22\-17) pratipAdito madhyAkAshavartisUryAbhinno viShNureva purANe
uShasaH khalvabhinnAyA lakShmyAH sarasvatyAshcha patirUpeNopavarNyate |
atha kiM svarUpaH khalu paurANiko.ayaM viShNuriti prashne prasiddhAyAM
pUjApaddhatau viShNordhyAnaM yathA \-
     \ldq{}viShNuM pItavAsasaM chaturbhujaM vanamAlavibhUShitam | 
     lakShmIsarasvatIkAntaM garuDAsanamAshrame\ldq{} ||

evaM cha paurANikasya viShNoH sUryAbhinnatvaM viShNoH rUpAntarabhUtasya
nArAyaNasya prasiddhAt dhyAnAt samyak pratIyate | yathA \- 
     \ldq{}dhyeyaH sadA savitR^imaNDalamadhyavartI nArAyaNaH\rdq{} | iti |

api cha \- \ldq{}idaM viShNurvichakrame\rdq{} iti R^igveda-shrutau
viShNostridhA padanidhAnaM khalu
shAkapuNyAdibhirmanIShibhirbhinnarUpeNaivAkalitaM varNitaM cha |
atha etadeva viShNoH padatrayanidhAnaM ki~nchid rUpAntaraM purANe
vAmanabalisamvAde dhR^itavAmanarUpe viShNau prAptam | ataeva devyA
uShasaH patirvaidiko viShNureva purANe tantre cha uShasastAvadabhinnAyA
lakShmyAH sarasvatyAshcha vallabhatvamavApta ityAdi sarvaM shAstradR^iShTyA
sushliShTamevopapannam |

atha laukikadR^iShTyA devyA uShasaH purANe tantre cha rUpadvayasya
kiM kAraNamityasya nipuNaM vichAre kriyamANe dR^ishyate.asmAbhiryat
sampradAyAdividveShAdikamapyatra kila kAraNaM bhavet |
purA paurANikayugaprArambhe bhAratavarShe dhanisampradAyasya
j~nAnisampradAyasya cha madhye tathA nAma vaimanasyamAsId yathA |
sampradAyadvayena na punaryathA purA dhanAya j~nAnAya cha ekasyA eva
devatAyA uShasaH samabhyarchanaM sambhavamabhUt | tena cha mahAbhAgyAt
karmapR^ithaktvAdvA lakShmIrUpeNa sarasvatIrUpeNa cha rUpadvayamuShasaH
sampradAyadvayena svArthasiddhaye prakalpitam | evaM cha sapatnItvena
lakShmyAH sarasvatyAshcha kalpanayA tayorekatrAvasthAnaM khalu duShkaramiva
samapadyata | itthaM dhanisampradAyasya j~nAnisampradAyasya cha madhye
saumanasyAbhAvena devatAbhedAd deshasya\, samAjasya\, janagaNasya
cha samabhyudayo vyAhata eva samajani | idamavitathaM yadanayoH
sampradAyayormadhye sauhArde satyeva sarvatra bhadramanAmayaM shAntishcha
sambhavati | tadeva cha deshasya samAjasya cha netR^INAM kavInAM cha paramaM
kAmyamAsIt | paraM tattathA tadAnAvartata | etatsarvaM saMskR^itavA~Nmayasya
samyagadhyayanAdavadAtameva sampadyate | bahoH kAlAtpUrvamAvirbhUtena kavinA
kAlidAsenApi sarvametadantarA.antarA samAsena suShThu prakaTIkR^itam |
tathA choktaM tena vikramorvashIye \-
     \ldq{}parasparavirodhinyorekasaMshrayadurlabham | 
     sa~NgataM shrIsarasvatyorbhUyAdudbhUtaye satAm || (5\-24)

itthaM dhanij~nAnisampradAyavirodho.api tAvaduShasaH paurANike
yuge mUrtidvayagrahaNasya nidAnAntaraM syAditi mataM yuktiyuktamiva
pratibhAti |

atha lakShmyAH kiM tattvaM\, kiM vA rahasyamiti prashne
vadAmo yadiyaM lakShmIH khalu tattvataH kAlashakteH kAlyAH karmabhedAt
kamalAmUrtyA rUpAntaramevAsti | iyaM bhagavataH sUryasya parAshaktiH\,
patnIrUpA\, sarasvatyabhinnA\, shrImaduShasaH pariNAmabhUtA\,
bhadrakAlI\, dhanArogyavidyAnandakarI\, parameshvarI\, vibhAtasamaye
pratidinamAvirbhUya\, sarvebhyaH sutarAM shreyaH preyashcha vitarati |
eShA khalu yathArthato naiva strI na vA pumAn vartate tathApi mahAdevIyaM
sAdhakAnAM sAdhanAdisaukaryArthaM\, mAtR^irUpeNAnishaM dhyAyate pUjyate cha |
asyAH svarUpasyAsya vij~nAnena sAdhakasya shaktyabhinna brahmarUpatvameva
sidhyati | athaitadeva bhagavatyA lakShmyAstattvaM rahasyaM cha vibhAti |

purANa\-ratnAni 
    sampadAM hetubhUtA cha vipattiH sarvadehinAm | 
    vinA vipattermahimA keShAM padme bhavedbhave || (brahmavaivarta0\, 2|6|90) 

    chedasti shaktirdravyadAne tataste dAtavyamevArthine kiM vichAryam | 
    no chetsantaH parakAryANi kuryurvAgbhirmanobhiH kR^itibhistathaiva || 
                                        (brahmapurANa\, gauta0 mA0\, 40|39)

iti |
##
Proofread by Jonathan Wiener wiener78 at sbcglobal.net, NA

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