% Text title : A review of George Berkeley's views % File name : jarjabakaledarshanasamIkShaNam.itx % Category : misc, article, pradIptakumArananda % Location : doc\_z\_misc\_general % Author : (Copyright) Pradipta Kumar Nanda, Kendrapara, Orissa pknanda65 at gmail.com % Transliterated by : Pradipta Kumar Nanda pknanda65 at gmail.com % Proofread by : Pradipta Kumar Nanda % Acknowledge-Permission: (Copyright) Pradipta Kumar Nanda % Latest update : May 12, 2023 % Send corrections to : sanskrit at cheerful dot c om % % This text is prepared by volunteers and is to be used for personal study % and research. The file is not to be copied or reposted for promotion of % any website or individuals or for commercial purpose without permission. % Please help to maintain respect for volunteer spirit. % \documentstyle[11pt,multicol,itrans]{article} #include=ijag.inc #endwordvowel=.h \portraitwide \parindent=100pt \let\usedvng=\Largedvng % for 1 column \pagenumbering{itrans} \def\engtitle#1{\hrule\medskip\centerline{\LARGE #1}} \def\itxtitle#1{\medskip\centerline{\LARGEdvng #1}\medskip\hrule} \def\endtitles{\medskip\obeyspaceslines} %% \begin{document} \engtitle{.. A review of George Berkeley's views ..}## \itxtitle{.. jA.crja barkale darshanasamIkShaNam ..}##\endtitles ## lekhakaH \- DA.c\. nandapradIptakumAraH upAchAryaH, sarvadarshana\-vibhAgamukhyashcha shrIjagannAthasa.nskR^itavishvavidyAlayaH,shrIvihAraH,purI 3 shodhasAraH\- bhAratIyAH khalu AdhyAtmikavAdina Ishvara\-jIva\-jagatAM viShaye chintayanti | AtmatattvAnusandhAne prAchyAnAM matiH sadaiva sudR^iDhA dR^ishyate | ime pAshchAtyA yadivA Atmatattva\-jagattattvaviShaye cha yatra tatra kimapi kathayanti,kintu eteShAM vichAraprakriyA prAchyataH sa.npUrNabhinnA | bhautikavastUnAM vichAre teShAM samayo.ativAhitaH | sthUla\-bAhyapratyayachintane nirantara\-kushalAH pAshchAtyAH khalu sukShmAntarikachintanakartumasamarthA chintyante | idaM barkaledarshanaM pAshchAtyadarshaneShvantarbhUtam | atra pUrvapravartitamatAnAM khaNDanaM svapakShamaNDanaM cha kR^itvA vichAraprakriyA prachalati | amUrtapratyayavAdakhaNDanam, jaDadravyakhaNDana.n,bhAShAvishleShaNAdInAM bahuviShayAH mukhyarUpeNAtra samupasthApitAH dR^ishyante | pAshchAtyeShu anyatamaH sudUraprasAri\-svakIyamatamupasthApitavAnayamAchAryo barkale mahodayaH | sutarAmetaddarshanamavashyaM vichAraNIyaM pratibhAti | sthAlIpulAkanyAyena darshaM darshaM kenApi sAralyena barkalematamupasthApayAShyAmIti manasi vichintya.agresarAmi | ##(i) ## kUTashabdAH\- barkale, amUrtapratyayaH, jaDadravyam, bhAShA\-vishleShaNam prAsa.ngikopakramaH\- ##Bishop (George) Berkely ## (1685\-1753) prasiddhaM nAma | adbhUtaM vyaktitvam | mAnyo dArshaniko vij~nAnavAdasyai | \ldq{}kloina\rdq{}nagarasya pAdrI ##Bishop ## pUjArhaH |##(ii) ## indriyAnubhavavAdasya agragAmiyoddhA jarja barkeliH 12/03/1685 khrIShTAbde \ldq{}AyAralANDa ##Ireland ## \ldq{} sthita \ldq{}kilakeni ##Kilkenny ## \ldq{} nAmake kShetre svAstitvasa.npanno babhUva |##(iii) ## sa khalu prathamaH pUrvAchArya\-likhitAni shAstrANi samyagadhItya tAni sarvANi tatyAja | barkale \ldq{}viliyama barkale\rdq{} ityasya jyeShThaH putraH AsIt | pitA viliyama barkale tatratya \ldq{}sajjanaH\rdq{} ##(iv) ## iti shrUyate | 1696 tame varShe kilkenI\-mahAvidyAlaye, 1700 tame varShe Dablin\-nagarasya TriniTI\-mahAvidyAlaye cha praveshaM prAptavAn saH, tatraiva bI.e. ##degree ## kR^itvA 1704 tame pheloship prAptavAn | pashchAttena bhautikapadArthaprasa.nge samIkShAtmakamadhyayanaM chakAra | tachchintane mukhyAH prabhAvo.anubhavavAdaH AsIt | lak pravartitavAdasya punarIkShaNaM samApya sayauktikaM vij~nAnavAdaH pratiShThApitaH |##(v) ## pAshchAtyadarshanasya itihAse barkaledarshanasya vaij~nAnikatvamatIva mahattvapUrNamasti | anena vij~nAnavAdaH pratiShThApitaH | vij~nAnavAdasya ayamArambhaH sAmAnyatayA pleTotaH iti manyate | yadyapi barkale\- pUrva.nvartino dArshanikAH pleToprabhR^itayo vij~nAnavAdino.abhavan, parantu anubhava\-vij~nAnayoH yAthArthyaM na kenApi pramANIkR^itam | vij~nAnaviShayaka\-dvandvaM sambhavato na nirastam | bhinnArthena itaH pUrvaM bhautikavastUnAM jaDadravyANAM vA kenApi pUrNatayA niShiddhaM na kR^itam | eShaH sajjano barkale\-mahodayaH jaDadravyaM sampUrNatayA khaNDayitvA adhyAtmavAdasya pratyayavAdasyavi vA sa.nsthApanaM vihitam | ##Berkeley ## ityasya mukhyagranthAH\- barkale mahodayasya prAdhAnyena dashagranthAH prasiddhAH dR^ishyante | ##(vii) ## vakShyamANe teShAM nAmAni prakAshanasamayAshcha pradattAni santi | ##1. Common Place Book ##(sAmAnyasthAnapustakam)## 1705 2. An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision ##(dR^iShTeH nUtanasiddhAntasya pratinibandhaH)## 1709 3. A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Understanding ##(avagamanasiddhAntasambaddhaH granthaH)## 1710 4. passive obedience ##(niShkriya Aj~nApAlanam)## 1711 5. An Essay Towards preventing the Ruin of Great Britain 1721 ##(greT briTena\-vinAsha nivAraNAtmakaH nibandhaH )## 6. Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philoneus 1731 ##(hAilAs\-philoniyasayoH madhye trayaH sa.nvAdAH )## 7. Alciphron or the Minute Philosopher 1732##(alsiphron athavA nimeShadArshanikaH)## 8. The Theory of Vision Viindicated and Explained 1733 ##(dR^iShTisiddhAntaH vinidarshitaH vyAkhyAnaM cha )## 9. The Analyst 1734 ##(vishleShakaH)## 10. A Defence of Free Thinking in Mathematics 1735 ## (gaNitasya svatantrachintana\-rakShaNam ) Ishvarasamarthanam\- barkale mUlataH dhArmikadArshaniko.asti | Ishvarasya AtmAnashcha astitvaM pramANayituM saH mAnavasya puNyaM kartavyamiti svIkaroti | tannaye IshvarAdInAmAdhyAtmikaviShayANAmAdhArastadA sudR^iDho syAt yadA bhautikavAdasya khaNDanaM sa.npUrNatayA na bhUtam | etasmAtkAraNAt barkale bhautikavAdaM nAstikavAdaM cha sarvathA nA.ngIkR^itavAn | barkale IsAi\-dharmasya purohitaH ##Father ## AsIt | samAje dhArmikabhAvanAnAM ujjAgaraNameva svakIyaM pavitraM karma manyamAnaH san sarvadA janAnAM pravR^ittau dhArmikachintAdhArAM sarjayAmAsa | tadAnIM barkale\-darshanasya maulikasamasyA jIvavAdasya IshvaravAdasya cha sthApanamasti | ##(viii) ## IshvaravAdasya siddhyarthaM barkale AdarshavAdasya samarthanaM karoti, athavA IshvaravAdastasyAdarshavAdAnusAraM prabhavati | vij~nAnavAdamupasthApanam\- avadhAraNAvAdo vij~nAnavAdo vA vastutaH satyam | barkale siddhAntAnusAraM pratyakShato vayaM bhautikavastuni na prApnumaH, vij~nAnameva prApnumaH | tadeva dhyeyam | anena Atmeshvara\-jagadAdIni vij~nAnAni AdhyAtmikaviShayAn varNayanti | akSharashaH yat vayaM pashyAmaH spR^ishAmo vA tanna bhautikaM kintu vij~nAnarUpamiti bhAvyam | vij~nAnAt paraM kimapi na vidyate | ##(ix) ## vij~nAnAnAmastitvaM manasi Atmani vA vartate | sutarAM vastUnAmastitvamapi AtmanaH sApekShaM vA Atmanirbharam | AtmA eva draShTA | saH anubhavI asti | AtmanaH iyamanubhavashaktiH paramAtmano vA Ishvarasya vA dAnamasti | AtmA indriyANAmanubhAvakaH uchyate | barkaledarshanaj~nAtuM tatpUrvavartInAM keShA~nchana dArshanikAnAM vichAramapekShate | anubhavavAdasya parAkAShThA sa.nshayavAde asti | barkale na anubhavavAdasya pravartako nApi taddarshane anubhavavAdasyAntaH prApyate | ityatra bIjarUpAnubhavasya parivardhanaM bhUtvA mahAbodhirUpeNAvirbabhUva | barkale anubhavavAdasya sa.nshodhanaM kR^itavAn,parimArjitaM kR^itavAn | anubhavavAde yA asa~NgatiH AsIt sA sarvA tairnirastA | sa anubhavavAdaM pUrNaM kartuM prayatnaH kR^itaH | lak mahodayasya anubhavavAdaM barkalemahodayena vij~nAnavAde parivartitaM kR^itavAn | amUrttatattvavichAraH\- amUrtapratyayasya khaNDanaM jArja barkale ityasya darshane atIva mahattvapUrNaM manyate | yatohi asyAdhAreNa saH svadarshanaM tarkasa.ngataM kartuM samartho.abhavat | ullekhanIyaM yat, barkale pUrvavarti\-dArshaniko jA.cn lak amUrtavichAraM kR^itavAn AsIt | barkale mate ayaM amUrtavichAro loke darshane cha bahvI asa~NgatiM janayati | \ldq{}mAnavIya\-j~nAnasiddhAntAH\rdq{} ityasmin prasiddhe granthe tena asmin viShaye samyaggAlochanA vihitA | asya granthasya bhUmikAyAM barkale lak mataM dR^iDhatayA saha khaNDanaM kR^itavAn | ayaM amUrtavichAraH kaH ? barkale kasmAttasya khaNDanaM vidadhAti ? iti viShayAn vistareNa charchAkartuM pUrvaM lA.ck\-barkalematayormadhye yat sAdR^ishyamasAdR^ishyaM vA vidyate tadviShaye avalokayAmaH | virodhasyApi kechana bindavo.atra pashyAmaH | amUrta pratyayasamIkShaNam ##(Abstracy idea)## lak anubhavavAdI AsIt | tarkavAdasya viruddhatAM pradarshya anubhavavAdaM prastuya tena j~nAnasR^iShTau indriyANAM cha bhUmikA vichAritA | barkale tarkavAdasyAlochakaH anubhavavAdasya cha kadAchit samarthakaH AsIt | lak naye yad vayaM kimapi jAnImaH, tattu Atma\-sa.nvedana\-rUpeNa indriyANAM mAdhyamena jAyate | evaM indriyAnubhavo.asmAkaM j~nAnasya sImA asti | parantu indriyAnubhavAdhArarUpeNa dravyamastIti lak matasya samarthanaM barkale na kR^itavAn | vastuto.asya bAhyaprakaraNasya khaNDanaM barkale mahodayasya mukhyamuddeshyamAsIt | yathA vayaM Arambhe dR^iShTavantaH, bhautikavichArayuktAn janAn uddhartuM tAn Astikatvena prerayituM cha barkale bhautikadravyasya khaNDanaM atyAvashyakaM bhAShitam | yato hi lak amUrtavichArANAmAdhArarUpeNa akriyadravyasya astitvaM svIkR^itam | barkale akriyadravyasyAsvIkArAttatkhaNDayituM pravartate sma | barkaledvArA khaNDanam \- kimapi sAmAnyaM jAtirvA amUrtapratyaya uchyate | yathA manuShye manuShyatvam | yato hi rAma\-shyAma\-kAma\-vimalAdinAmAni jAtivichArAH pravartante | kechana lokAH kathayanti yat mAnavachintane amUrtapratyayachintanasya mahattvapUrNA bhUmikA asti | tAn vihAya vikAso na bhavitumarhati | anena mAdhyamena eva mAnavasya j~nAnasya vij~nAnasya cha vR^iddhiH bhavati | amUrtachintanaM kevalaM pashubhyaH manuShyANAM shreShThatAM sthApayati | dravyANAmastitvaviShaye janAH kathayanti yat, yadyapi vayaM anubhavadvArA indriya\-mAdhyamena yat jAnImastat kevalo guNaH eva, parantu teShAmanekaguNAnAM samarthanena vayaM dravyasAmAnyameva kalpayAmaH | evaM amUrtasa.nkalpanAsvIkAro bhavati | amUrtatAyAH eShA kriyA loke tarkashaktiriti uchyate | atrendriyANi kevalaM visheShAn prakAshayanti, parantu etAn visheShAn prApya buddhiH sadyaH kriyAshIlaH bhavati, eteShAM AdhAreNa sAmAnyaM nishchIyate | barkale uparyukta\-loka matasya dR^iDhatayA virodhaH kR^itaH | asya kR^ite barkale nimnalikhitavAdAn pradadAti sma | ##(x) ## mAnavabuddhau etAdR^ishI shaktiH nAsti | udAharaNarUpeNa barkale kathayati yadasmAkaM buddheH amUrtatAyAH shaktiH asti ched bhAvayAmastarhi bhramaH eva | yA visheShaM gR^ihItvA sAmAnyaM karotIti nishchIyate | te vadanti\- \ldq{}anyajaneShu eShA shaktiH asti vA na, kevalaM te vaktuM shaknuvanti, mama kR^ite tu ahaM nishchayena vaktuM sAhasaM karomi yat mama kR^ite etAdR^ishI shaktirnAsti | shveta\-kR^iShNa\-lamba\-kubjAdipratyayavichAreNa vayamamUrtapratyayasAdhayituM na shaknumaH |##(xi) ## 1\. j~nAnashAstrIyatarkaH\- barkalemate jaDadravyaM kadApi j~nAnasya viShayo bhavituM na pArayati, ataH j~nAnena tasya astitvaM vichArayituM kadApi na shakyate | jaDadravyaj~nAnaM na pratyakSheNa nApi buddhyA vA sambhavati, pratyayamAtratvAt | 2\. tArkikatarkaH\- lak naye asmAkaM buddhau vartamAnAH ShaT kShamatAsu ekA kShamatA asti yA amUrtIkaraNAtmikA ##Abstraction uchyate ##, yayA sAmAnyasya ##Universal ## tathA dravyasya ##Substance ## prAdurbhAvaH svIkriyate | barkale tanna Adriyate | tannaye amUrtavichArasya dhAraNA sarvAdau bhramAtmakA | bAlabhAShAyAM sAmAnyapratyayAH jAtivAchaka\-sa.nj~nArUpeNa AgachChanti, kintu teShu amUrtIkaraNakShamatA na vidyate | 3\. kArya\-kAraNavAdaH\- karyA\-kAraNavAdakhaNDanArthaM barkale uktaM yat chetanasa.nkalpanAjananashaktiH akriyadravyeShu na, apitu AtmeshvarAdiShu chetanasattveShu eva vichAraNIyA | lak mahodayasya dvitIyastarko yat pratItismR^ityormadhye ko.api bhedaH siddhyati | tatra smR^itirnAma AntarikasthitiH | pratItistu bAhyabhautikavastupratItiH | anayormadhye tAdAtmyaM nAsti | nAtra kArya\-kAraNabhAvaH svIkriyate |##(xii) ## jaDadravyakhaNDanam\- barkale ityasya mate amUrta\-vichArANAm (jAti\-vij~nAnAnAm) niShedhaM vinA vayaM jaDavastUnAm astitvaM nivArayituM na shaknumaH | yataH amUrtavichArAH akriya\-jaDavastunaH svarUpAH santi | amUrtavichArasya athavA kAlpanikasAmAnyasya AdhAreNa jaDavastuno j~nAnaM prApnumaH | vayaM vividhamanuShyeShu manuShyatvaM kalpayAmaH, nAnAjAtIyeShu goShu gotvaM vichintayAmaH | yadi vayaM sAmAnyajAtiM pratyayaM vA nirAkurmastarhi jaDadravyasya nirAkaraNe sahAyatAM prApsyAmaH | ata eva barkale kathayati yat asmAkaM bhautikavastUnAm vishvAsasya mUlakAraNam yo.amUrtavichAraH saH kAlpanikaH | sAdhuShAShAprayogAbhAvAt | amUrtavichAraH bhAShAyAH dUShitaH prayogaH asti ##(xiii) ## iti varkale AchAryA vivadante | bhAShAvishleShaNam\- bhAShAyAH prakR^itiH tasyAH durupayogaH cha \- barkale prathamaM bhAShAyAstasya durupayogasya cha darshane vichAraH kR^ito.asti | yato hi adhikA.nshaH dArshanikasamasyAH bhAShAyAH durupayogAd hi utpadyante | ata eva barkale kathayati yat prathamaM bhAShAyAH samyak prayogo j~nAtavyaH, yena anuchitaprayoga\-pariharituM shaknumaH | prathamaM bhAShA,tasya vyaktIkaraNaprakriyA, asAdhuprayogaH,vyavahArasthAnAni viShaye samyagj~nAtvA darshanakShetre tasyAH sAdhuprayogaH kartavyaH | anyathA bhAShAsamasyA bArambAraM samAyAti | atra vayaM chintayAmaH yat barkale dArshanikaviShayAn vihAya bhAShAvij~nAnasya viShaye kasmAdupadishati ? | samAdhAnamatra barkale bhAShAvij~nAnasya vyAkaraNasya cha prashnaM na utthApayati | kintu dArshanikakaThinatAyAH ekamAtraM kAraNaM bhavati bhAShAsamasyA iti pramANayati | | bhAShAyAH durupayogaH eva vichArAn jaTilAn doShapUrNAn cha karoti | ityatra sAdhuprayogaj~nAnam atyAvashyakam | prAyasho vayaM dArshanikAH yadivA asyAH samasyAyAH samAdhAnaM kurmaH, tathApi na pUrNatayA | phalataH kramashaH samasyAH vardhamAnAH bhavanti | pratyekasya samAdhAnaM prApnumaH, nUtanA samasyA kAchidutpadyate | evaM samasyAnAM sa.nkhyA sImAtItA bhavati tathA cha vayaM kimapi antimaM samAdhAnaM kartuM na na shaknumaH | yasmAt paraM samasyAH na utpadyante | prashno.asti etAH samasyAH kathaM samAptAH bhaveyuH? kimarthaM vayaM antimanidAnaM na prApnumaH ? barkale asya uttaraM pradadAti \-yadi vayaM asmAkaM samasyAyAH vyarthatAM j~nAtuM AgachChAmaH tarhi samasyAyAH samAptiH bhaviShyati |##xiv ## upasa.nhAraH\- pAshchAtyadarshaneShu jarja barkale darshanasya lokapriyatA janajanaviditA | samAjasevA AsIdasya mahAnubhAvasya charamA parAkAShThA | IshvaravAdaprasa.ngo bhavatu vA daridranArAyaNasya sevA, yatra kutrApi tasyAvirbhAvo balavattaraH tadAnIntanaHsamAje | janasevA sa.npAdayitumanena chikitsApaddhatirapi kApi vilikhitA shrUyate ## xv ## | sUkShmadArshanika\-vichAro barkaledarshane lAlityapUrNarUpeNa prakAshitaH | sarvatra adhyAtmyavAdavichAraprasa.nge vichAryamANe.asya darshanasya yogadAnaM mahatvapUrNaM vaktumiha shakyate | atyAdhunika\-manovaij~nAnikAH kechana barkalemataM samarthayanti anye nAdriyante | atyalaM pallavitena | \-\-\- lekhakaH \- nandapradIptakumAraH ## Written by Dr. Pradipta Kumar Nanda, Kendrapara, Orisa pknanda65 at gmail.com \medskip\hrule\obeylines Please send corrections to sanskrit at cheerful dot c om Last updated \today https://sanskritdocuments.org \end{document}