% Text title : paramArthasAra AdisheShakRita % File name : paramArthasAraAdishesha.itx % Category : major\_works % Location : doc\_z\_misc\_major\_works % Author : AdisheSha % Transliterated by : Suryansu Ray suryansuray at yahoo.com % Proofread by : Suryansu Ray suryansuray at yahoo.com % Latest update : September 5, 2007 % Send corrections to : sanskrit at cheerful dot c om % % This text is prepared by volunteers and is to be used for personal study % and research. The file is not to be copied or reposted for promotion of % any website or individuals or for commercial purpose without permission. % Please help to maintain respect for volunteer spirit. % \documentstyle[11pt,multicol,itrans]{article} #include=ijag.inc #endwordvowel=.h \portraitwide \parindent=100pt \let\usedvng=\Largedvng % for 1 column \pagenumbering{itrans} \def\engtitle#1{\hrule\medskip\centerline{\LARGE #1}} \def\itxtitle#1{\medskip\centerline{\LARGEdvng #1}\medskip\hrule} \def\endtitles{\medskip\obeyspaceslines} %% \begin{document} \engtitle{.. Paramarthasara by Adishesha ..}## \itxtitle{.. shrImadAdisheShapraNItam paramArthasAram ..}##\endtitles ## || shrIH || || atha paramArthasAram || OM paraM parasyAH prakR^iteranAdimekaM niviShTaM bahudhA guhAsu | sarvAlayaM sarvacarAcarasthaM tvAmiva viShNuM sharaNaM prapadye || ##[ Note 1 ]## || shrIH || shrImadAdisheShapraNItam || paramArthasAram || OM AtmAmburAshau nikhilo.api loko magno.api nAcAmati nekShate ca | AshcaryametanmR^igatR^iShNikAbhe bhavAmburAshau ramate mR^iShaiva || ##[ Note 2 ]## garbhagR^ihavAsasambhavajanmajarAmaraNaviprayogAbdhau | jagadAlokya nimagnaM prAha guruM prA~njaliH shiShyaH || 1|| tvaM sA~NgavedavettA bhettA sa.NshayagaNasyartavaktA | sa.NsArArNavataraNaprashnaM pR^icChAmyahaM bhagavan || 2|| dIrghe.asminsa.NsAre sa.NsarataH kasya kena sambandhaH | karma shubhAshubhaphaladamanubhavati nu gatAgatairiha kaH || 3|| karmaguNajAlabaddho jIvaH sa.Nsarati koshakAra iva | mohAndhakAragahanAttasya kathaM bandhanAnmokShaH || 4|| guNapuruShavibhAgaj~ne dharmAdharmau na bandhakau bhavataH | iti gaditapUrvavAkyaiH prakR^itiM puruShaM ca me brUhi || 5|| ityAdhAro bhagavAnpR^iShTaH shiShyeNa taM sa hovAca | viduShAmapyatigahanaM vaktavyamidaM shR^iNu tathApi tvam || 6|| satyamiva jagadasatyaM mUlaprakR^iteridaM kR^itaM yena | taM praNipatyopendraM vakShye paramArthasAramidam || 7|| avyaktAdaNDamabhUdaNDAdbrahmA tataH prajAsargaH | mAyAmayI pravR^ittiH saMhR^iyata iyaM punaH kramashaH || 8|| mAyAmayo.apyacetA guNakaraNagaNaH karoti karmANi | tadadhiShThAtA dehI sa cetano.api na karoti ki~ncidapi || 9|| yadvaccetanamapi sannikaTasthe bhrAmake bhramati loham | tadvatkaraNasamUhashceShTati cidadhiShThite dehe || 10|| yadvatsavitaryudite karoti karmANi jIvaloko.ayam | na ca tAni karoti ravirna kArayati tadvadAtmApi || 11|| manaso.aha~NkAravimUrcChitasya caitanyabodhitasyeha | puruShAbhimAnasukhaduHkhabhAvanA bhavati mUDhasya || 12|| kartA bhoktA draShTAsmi karmaNAmuttamAdInAm | iti tatsvabhAvavimalo.abhimanyate sarvago.apyAtmA || 13|| nAnAvidhavarNAnAM varNaM dhatte yathAmalaH sphaTikaH | tadvadupAdherguNabhAvitasya bhAvaM vibhurdhatte || 14|| Adarshe malarahite yadvadrUpaM vicinvate lokAH | Alokayati tathAtmA vishuddhabuddhau svamAtmAnam || 15|| ##[ Note 3 ]## gacChati gacChati salile dinakarabimbaM sthite sthitiM yAti | antaHkaraNe gacChati gacChatyAtmApi tadvadiha || 16|| rAhuradR^ishyo.api yathA shashibimbasthaH prakAshate jagati | antaHkaraNe gacChati gacChatyAtmApi tadvadiha || 17|| sarvagataM nirupamamadvaitaM taccetasA gamyam | yadbuddhigataM brahmopalabhyate shiShya bodhyaM tat || 18|| buddhimano.aha~NkArAstanmAtrendriyagaNAshca bhUtagaNaH | sa.NsArasargaparirakShaNakShamA prAkR^itA heyAH || 19|| dharmAdharmau sukhaduHkhakalpanA svarganarakavAsashca | utpattinidhanavarNAshramA na santIha paramArthe || 20|| mR^igatR^iShNAyAmudakaM shuktau rajataM bhuja~Ngamo rajjvAm | taimirikacandrayugavadbhrAntaM nikhilaM jagadrUpam || 21|| yadvaddinakara eko vibhAti salilAshayeShu sarveShu | tadvatsakalopAdhiShvavasthito bhAti paramAtmA || 22|| khamiva ghaTAdiShvantarbahiH sthitaM brahma sarvapiNDeShu | dehe.ahamityanAtmani buddhiH sa.NsArabandhAya || 23|| sarvavikalpahInaH shuddho buddho.ajarAmaraH shAntaH | amalaH sakR^idvibhAtashcetana AtmA khavadvyApI || 24|| rasaphANitasharkarikAgulakhaNDA vikR^itayo yathaivekShoH | tadvadavasthAbhedAH paramAtmanyeva bahurUpAH || 25|| vij~nAnAntaryAmiprANavirADdehajAtipiNDAntAH | vyavahArAstasyAtmanyete.avasthAvisheShAH syuH || 26|| rajjvAM nAsti bhuja~NgaH sarpabhayaM bhavati hetunA kena | tadvaddvaitavikalpabhrAntiravidyA na satyamidam || 27|| etattadandhakAraM yadanAtmanyAtmatA bhrAntyA | na vidanti vAsudevaM sarvAtmAnaM narA mUDhAH || 28|| prANAdyanantabhedairAtmAnaM saMvitatya jAlamiva | sa.Nharati vAsudevaH svavibhUtyA krIDamAna iva || 29|| tribhireva vishvataijasaprAj~naistairAdimadhyanidhanAkhyaiH | jAgratsvapnasuShuptairbhramabhUtaishChAditaM turyam || 30|| mohayatIvAtmAnaM svamAyayA dvaitarUpayA devaH | upalabhate svayamevaM guhAgataM puruShamAtmAnam || 31|| jvalanAddhUmodgatibhirvividhAkR^itirambare yathA bhAti | tadvadviShNau sR^iShTiH svamAyayA dvaitavistarA bhAti || 32|| shAnta iva manasi shAnte hR^iShTe hR^iShTa iva mUDha iva mUDhe | vyavahArastho na punaH paramArthata Ishvaro bhavati || 33|| jaladharadhUmodgatibhirmalinIkriyate yathA na gaganatalam | tadvatprakR^itivikArairaparAmR^iShTaH paraH puruShaH || 34|| ekasminnapi ca ghaTe dhUmAdimalAvR^ite sheShAH | na bhavati malopetA yadvajjIvo.api tadvadiha || 35|| dehendriyeShu niyatAH karma guNAH kurvate svabhogArtham | nAhaM kartA na mameti jAnataH karma naiva badhnAti || 36|| anyasharIreNa kR^itaM karma bhavedyena deha utpannaH | tadavashyaM bhoktavyaM bhogAdeva kShayo.asya nirdiShTaH || ##[ Note 4 ]## prAgj~nAnotpatti citaM yatkarma j~nAnashikhishikhAlIDham | bIjamiva dahanadagdhaM janmasamarthaM na tadbhavati || 37|| j~nAnotpatterUrdhvaM kriyamANaM karma yattadapi nAma | na shliShyati kartAraM puShkarapatraM yathA vAri || 38|| vAgdehamAnasairiha karmacayaH kriyata iti budhAH prAhuH | eko.api nAhameShAM kartA tatkarmaNAM nAsmi || 39|| karmaphalabIjanAshAjjanmavinAsho na cAtra sandehaH | buddhvaivamapagatatamAH savitevAbhAti bhArUpaH || 40|| yadvadiShIkAtUlaM pavanoddhUtaM hi dasha disho yAti | brahmaNi tattvaj~nAnAttathaiva karmANi tattvavidaH || 41|| kShIrAduddhR^itamAjyaM kShiptaM yadvanna pUrvavattasmin | prakR^itiguNebhyastadvatpR^ithakkR^itashcetano nAtmA || 42|| guNamayamAyAgahanaM nirdhUya yathA tamaH sahasrA.NshuH | bAhyAbhyantaracArI saindhavaghanavadbhavetpuruShaH || 43|| yadvaddeho.avayavA mR^ideva tasyA vikArajAtAni | tadvatsthAvaraja~NgamamadvaitaM dvaitavadbhAti || 44|| ekasmAtkShetraj~nAdbahavaH kShetraj~najAtayo jAtAH | lohagatAdiva dahanAtsamantato visphuli~NgagaNAH || 45|| te guNasa~NgadoShAdbaddhA iva dhAnyajAtayaH svatuShaiH | janma labhante tAvadyAvanna j~nAnavahninA dagdhAH || 46|| triguNA caitanyAtmani sarvagate.avasthite.akhilAdhAre | kurute sR^iShTimavidyA sarvatra spR^ishyate tayA nAtmA || 47|| rajjvAM bhuja~NgahetuH prabhavavinAshau yathA na staH | jagadutpattivinAshau na ca kAraNamasti tadvadiha || 48|| janmavinAshanagamanAgamamalasambandhavarjito nityam | AkAsha iva ghaTAdiShu sarvAtmA sarvadopetaH || 49|| karma shubhAshubhaphalasukhaduHkhairyogo bhavatyupAdhInAm | tatsa.NsargAdbandhastaskarasa~NgAdataskaravat || 50|| dehaguNakaraNagocarasa~NgAtpuruShasya yAvadiha bhAvaH | tAvanmAyApAshaiH sa.NsAre baddha iva bhAti || 51|| mAtR^ipitR^iputrabAndhavadhanabhogavibhAgasammUDhaH | janmajarAmaraNamaye cakra iva bhrAmyate jantuH || 52|| lokavyavahArakR^itAM ya ihAvidyAmupAsate mUDhAH | te janmamaraNadharmANo.andhaM tama etya khidyante || 53|| himaphenabudbudA iva jalasya dhUmo yathA vahneH | tadvatsvabhAvabhUtA mAyaiShA kIrtitA viShNoH || 54|| evaM dvaitavikalpAM bhramasvarUpAM vimohanIM mAyAm | utsR^ijya sakalaniShkalamadvaitaM bhAvayedbrahma || 55|| yadvatsalile salilaM kShIre kShIraM samIraNe vAyuH | tadvadbrahmaNi vimale bhAvanayA tanmayatvamupayAti || 56|| itthaM dvaitasamUhe bhAvanayA brahmabhUyamupayAte | ko mohaH kaH shokaH sarvaM brahmAvalokayataH || 57|| vigatopAdhiH sphaTikaH svaprabhayA bhAti nirmalo yadvat | ciddIpaH svaprabhayA tathA vibhAtIha nirupAdhiH || 58|| guNakaraNagaNasharIraprANaistanmAtrajAtisukhaduHkhaiH | aparAmR^iShTo vyApI cidrUpo.ayaM sadA vimalaH || 59|| draShTA shrotA ghrAtA sparshayitA rasayitA grahItA ca | dehI dehendriyadhIvivarjitaH syAnna kartAsau || 60|| eko naikatrAvasthito.ahamaishvaryayogato vyAptaH | AkAshavadakhilamidaM na kashcidapyatra sandehaH || 61|| AtmaivedaM sarvaM niShkalasakalaM yadaiva bhAvayati | mohagahanAdvimuktastadaiva parameshvarIbhUtaH || 62|| yadyatsiddhAntAgamatarkeShu prabruvanti rAgAndhAH | anumodAmastattatteShAM sarvAtmavAdadhiyA || 63|| sarvAkAro bhagavAnupAsyate yena yena bhAvena | taM taM bhAvaM bhUtvA cintAmaNivatsamabhyeti || 64|| nArAyaNamAtmAnaM j~nAtvA sargasthitipralayahetum | sarvaj~naH sarvagataH sarvaH sarveshvaro bhavati || 65|| Atmaj~nastarati shucaM yasmAdvidvAnbibheti na kutashcit | mR^ityorapi maraNabhayaM na bhavatyanyatkutastasya || 66|| kShayavR^iddhivadhyaghAtakabandhanamokShairvivarjitaM nityam | paramArthatattvametadyadato.anyattadanR^itaM sarvam || 67|| evaM prakR^itiM puruShaM vij~nAya nirastakalpanAjAlaH | AtmArAmaH prashamaM samAsthitaH kevalIbhavati || 68|| nalakadaliveNuvANA nashyanti yathA khapuShpamAsAdya | tadvatsvabhAvabhUtAH svabhAvatAM prApya nashyanti || 69|| bhinne.aj~nAnagranthau Chinne sa.NshayagaNe.ashubhe kShINe | dagdhe ca janmabIje paramAtmAnaM hariM yAti || 70|| mokShasya naiva ki~nciddhAmAsti na cApi gamanamanyatra | aj~nAnamayagrantherbhedo yastaM vidurmokSham || 71|| buddhvaivamasatyamidaM viShNormAyAtmakaM jagadrUpam | vigatadvandvopAdhikabhogAsa~Ngo bhavecChAntaH || 72|| buddhvA vibhaktAM prakR^itiM puruShaH sa.NsAramadhyago bhavati | nirmuktaH sarvakarmabhirambujapatraM yathA salilaiH || 73|| tyaktvA sarvavikalpAnAtmasthaM nishcalaM manaH kR^itvA | dagdhendhana iva vahniH sarvasyAtmA bhavecChAntaH || 74|| ##[ Note 5 ]## ashnanyadvA tadvA saMvIto yenakenacicChAntaH | yatra kvacana ca shAyI vimucyate sarvabhUtAtmA || 75|| hayamedhasahasrANyapyatha kurute brahmaghAtalakShANi | paramArthavinna puNyairna ca pApaiH spR^ishyate vimalaH || 76|| madakopaharShamatsaraviShAdabhayaparuShavarjyavAgbuddhiH | niHstotravaShaTkAro jaDavadvicaredagAdhamatiH || 77|| utpattinAshavarjitamevaM paramarthamupalabhya | kR^itakR^ityasaphalajanmA sarvagatastiShThati yatheShTam || 78|| vyApinamabhinnamitthaM sarvAtmAnaM vidhUtanAnAtvam | nirupamaparamAnandaM yo veda sa tanmayo bhavati || 79|| tIrthe shvapacagR^ihe vA naShTasmR^itirapi parityajandeham | j~nAnasamakAlamuktaH kaivalyaM yAti hatashokaH || 80|| puNyAya tIrthasevA nirayAya shvapacasadananidhanagatiH | puNyApuNyakala~NkasparshAbhAve tu kiM tena || 81|| vR^ikShAgrAccyutapAdo yadvadanicChannaraH kShitau patati | tadvadguNapuruShaj~no.anicChannapi kevalIbhavati || 82|| paramArthamArgasAdhanamArabhyAprApya yogamapi nAma | suralokabhogabhogI muditamanA modate suciram || 83|| viShayeShu sArvabhaumaH sarvajanaiH pUjyate yathA rAjA | bhuvaneShu sarvadevairyogabhraShTastathA pUjyaH || 84|| mahatA kAlena mahAnmAnuShyaM prApya yogamabhyasya | prApnoti divyamamR^itaM yattatparamaM padaM viShNoH || 85|| OM vedAntashAstramakhilaM vilokyAdisheSho jagadAdhAraH | AryApa~ncAshItyA babandha paramArthasAramidam || ##[ Note 6 ]## iti bhagavadAdisheShapraNItaM paramArthasAraM sampUrNam || ## Encoded and proofread by Suryansu Ray suryansuray at yahoo.com Encoder preferred the use of ardhachandrabindu e.g. ##.N## for correct pronunciation of the nasal for the special consonants following it. Normally it is provided with a simple anusvAra ##sa.n##, overdot. \medskip\hrule\medskip \centerline{\LARGE On ParamArthasAra of AdisheSha} The paramArthasAra of AdisheSha is one of the earliest prakaraNa works with the advaita mode of explaining the incomprehensible. Since it originally contained 85 verses composed in the AryA metre, it is alternatively called the AryApa~ncAshIti. From the text it becomes clear that sheSha was a devotee of the Lord viShNu. This paramArthasAra is older than sha~Nkara's advaita bhAShyas at least by 300 years. Pata~njali of the yogasUtra fame is regarded as an incarnation of AdisheSha, and hence paramArthasAra of AdisheSha was published in the journal paNDit as the AryApa~ncAshIti of pata~njali. Indian sages saw life in eternal continuity and they totally disregarded any historical references to their identities and compositions. In any case, it is now certain that this prakaraNa of sheSha is much older than a similar advaita prakaraNa called the gauDapAdakArikA of 5th century AD. An old palm-leaf manuscript, possibly the oldest, of the paramArthasAra of AdisheSha is kept in the library of the Travancore palace in Kerala, India. It contains a commentary by rAghavAnanda, who lived in the 4th century. Another palm-leaf manuscript was later found among the personal collections of a Brahmin in Kanyakumari of Tamil Nadu, India. As usual, many interpolations could be isolated from the original 85 verses. It is surprising that only 85 beautifully composed verses could explain the illusory nature of this material world. Separately and eternally existing matter and consciousness, and multiplicity of souls, --- which is the main contention of the theory of duality, --- has been successfully demolished by AdisheSha by his inimitable style and examples. Somehow this work on advaita became obscure and the bhagavadgItA, which is based on duality, became popular. In the 11th century, abhinavagupta, the famous Kashmiri devotee of the Lord shiva, wrote a revised version of the paramArthasAra. He slightly modified most of the verses of sheSha and added a few more to clarify the difficult advaita outlook. From his remarks it is realized that the paramArthasAra had been elevated by his time to the level of a shruti. Abhinavagupta's work spins around the Lord shiva, is taught in the universities world over, and is readily available. Chandas (Metre) used in AdisheSha's paramArthasAra : AdisheSha uses various forms of the metre called AryA. It is a mAtrA metre, where instead of observing the lenghts of the syllables with precise positions in a verse, one should count the total number of mAtrAs in every 4th part of a verse. A mAtrA means magnitude, weight, value, mark, etc. In Itrans notation, the vowels a, i, u, R^i, LLi are short vowels; the vowels A, I, U, RRI, LLI, e, ai, o, au are long vowels. A short vowel counts one mAtrA, a long vowel counts two mAtrAs. If a vowel is followed by a saMyoga (a combination of two or more consonants), that vowel counts two mAtrAs. A vowel followed by an anusvAra or a visarga counts two mAtrAs. At the ends of both the lines of a verse, a short vowel may count two mAtrAs, if necessary for the sake of the metre. Each verse contains two lines. Each line is divided into two parts. Hence each verse is divided into four parts. In the AryA metre the numbers of mAtrAs in the four parts of a verse are : 12, 18 ; 12, 15 respectively. The two other forms of AryA metre employed in the paramArthasAra are gIti AryA and upagIti AryA. The following is the mAtrA counts for all these three variations of AryA metre: 1. AryA metre : 12, 18 | 12, 15 || 2. gIti AryA metre : 12, 18 | 12, 18 || 3. upagIti AryA metre : 12, 15 | 12, 15 || Examples of these metres from AdisheSha's paramArthasAra : AryA : Break Verse 16 as follows, where numbers are mAtrAs for the vowel : gac [2] Cha [1] ti [1] gac [2] Cha [1] ti [1] sa [1] li [1] le [2] = 12 di [1] na [1] ka [1] ra [1] bim [2] baM [2] sthi [1] te [2] sthi [1] tiM [2] yA [2] ti [2] = 18 an [2] taH [2] ka [1] ra [1] Ne [2] gac [2] Cha [1] ti [1] = 12 gac [2] Chat [2] yAt [2] mA [2] pi [1] tad [2] va [1] di [1] ha [2] = 15 gitI AryA : Break Verse 32 as follows from AdisheSha's paramArthasAra : jva [1] la [1] nAd [2] dhU [2] mod [2] ga [1] ti [1] bhir [2] = 12 vi [1] vi [1] dhA [2] kR^i [1] ti [1] ram [2] ba [1] re [2] ya [1] thA [2] bhA [2] ti [2]= 18 tad [2] vad [2] viSh [2] Nau [2] sR^iSh [2] TiH [2] = 12 sva [1] mA [2] ya [1] yAd[2] vai [2] ta [1] vis [2] ta [1] rA [2] bhA [2] ti [2] = 18 upagIti AryA : Break Verse 35 as follows from AdisheSha's paramArthasAra : e [2] kas [2] min [2] na [1] pi [1] ca [1] gha [1] Te [2] = 12 dhU [2] mA [2] di [1] ma [1] lA [2] vR^i [1] te [2] she [2] ShAH [2] = 15 na [1] bha [1] van [2] ti [1] ma [1] lo [2] pe [2] tA [2] = 12 yad [2] vaj [2] jI [2] vo [2] pi [1] tad [2] va [1] di [1] ha [2] = 15 Six of the verses of the paramArthasAra are maked for Notes, which are as follows: NOTES : [ By Dr. L. Sulochana Devi ] 1. This verse is available only in the palm-leaf manuscript found from the Travancore Palace. Various editions in different scripts published since 1888 except one issued from Varanasi have excluded this verse. This verse would have been composed by some later scholar devoutly providing the work with an auspicious invocation. 2. This is also considered to be a later addition. The manuscript from the Travancore Palace contains this verse. But abhinavagupta's paramArthasAra which adopts sheSha's work for providing a presentation of the pratyAbhij~na system does not have a parallel verse. 3. This verse is included in a version of paramArthasAra published as AryApa~ncAshIti of pata~njali in the journal Pandit vol. 5. But the manuscript from the Travancore Palacae does not have this verse. Abhinavagupta's work contains a corresponding verse. 4. This is the thirty-eighth verse in the manuscript from the Travancore Palace and is found in most versions of the work. It deals with prArabdha and sa~ncita karma. But the thirty-seventh verse dealing with deeds prior to the awakening of knowledge covers these aspects also and so this verse is to be considered an intrapolation. Some orthodox advaitins must have introduced this verse to make an exception in favour of prArabdha. Abhinavagupta's work has no parallel to this verse. 5. This verse is found only in the version published in the journal Pandit. 6. This is the eighty-sixth verse in the edition published in the journal Pandit, which uses the title AryApa~ncAshIti for this work. It should contain only eithty-five verses. This verse could have been composed by some devout follower who tried to invest the original author with mythological splendour suggested by the name sheSha. Typed by Dr. Suryansu Ray at New Delhi, India in August, 2007 \medskip\hrule\obeylines Please send corrections to sanskrit@cheerful.com Last updated \today https://sanskritdocuments.org \end{document}