Sanskrit Documents
Learning Tools
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Learning Sanskrit
Sanskrit can be called as a "language of consciousness", may be because it
opens the door to India's rich spiritual literature. Sanskrit is not
restricted to spirituality & religion, however, but also encompasses a vast
literature of many genres; and for us to understand the beauty behind those
copious beautiful texts, learning the Sanskrit language is a must.
Sanskrit, which was a primary language of communication in ancient India,
lives on in modern India, though not in its full form: it survives in bits
and pieces, in one way or another, in the various Indian languages that have
descended from it. For natives of India, therefore, it is a matter of
recapitulation of a language, which is present in them and merely seeking a
proper channel.
Unlike English and other modern European languages, Sanskrit seems somewhat
difficult to understand for most Westerners. This is true not only because
of its script (devanagari), which is quite foreign to Western & European
countries, but also because of its grammatically complex structure and
highly inflected forms, which can be more richly inflected even than Greek
or Latin, particularly the verbal conjugations.
The links below present an introduction to the Sanskrit language and a little motivation to joyously pursue it to one's own capacity.
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Sanskrit dictionary
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Online Sanskrit Dictionaries
The online Sanskrit dictionary is intended to build
a repository of Sanskrit words/meanings in a simple,
easy-to-extend format.
We hope you find it useful and also contribute in
adding more words to the collection -
-
Search
for words in the dictionary.
- The complete text of the dictionary is available in -
- For more information on the dictionary see -
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Sanskrit dictionary efforts
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Tutorials & documentation:
- Sanskrit Tutorial - Charles Wikner -
Read Charles Wikner's reply on the purpose of the document
here.
His FTP url is
ftp.nac.ac.za/wikner/.
He advises - "Beware: there is a very thin piece of wire to
South Africa, and it is stretched rather taut, so the best
time to ftp would be Sunday morning local time (GMT+2:00)".
- Sanskrit Tutorial translated in French by Yann Leglise -
Please read notes about this translation. Email: Yann.Leglise at wanadoo.fr for more information.
- Excellent "Introduction to Sanskrit series" at Sringeri Vidya Bharati Foundation (SVBF) : Units 1 through 16. They are recast in a newer site format and are available at http://svbf.org/svbf_journal.php. Unfortunately some links are broken. All the tutorials from the site are compiled at one place by Ramakrishna Upadrasta at Introduction to Sanskrit by Shri (Dr.) M.R. Dwarakanath.
- The Learn Sanskrit Series
is developed by Mr. Vasudeva Bhat on ourkarnataka site. There are 45 lessons (Jan 2010) whic
h are also translated in Kannada. For Kannadigas, this is an excellent site.
- Samskritapriyah
- and the Samskrit Education in Chennai, India.
Information relating to Sanskrit and set of basic lessons
to learn the language through self study.
Devanagari Script via browser (without having to install any Fonts) ,
This site has a useful multilingual editor developed by
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, at Chennai, and is available at
http://acharya.iitm.ac.in/iitmsoft.php
It may be used in a number of ways to prepare
documents in Sanskrit and all the Indian languages.
Inline images for the tutorial are generated from special text files
prepared using the Multilingual Software. Contact Professor
Kalyana Krishnan
for additional information.
Mandar Joglekar has converted these lessons in ASP based files for easy browsing.
- Learn Sanskrit using Marathi from sanskritdeepika.org as one of the major activities of Dnyanadeep foundation, in Sangli, Maharashtra.
.
- Kalidasa Samskrita Kendram in Chennai presents "Teaching Sanskrit Through Web" series of lessons. The center offers diploma courses in Sanskrit. The founder V.C. Govindarajan vcgrajan at yahoo.com has also initiated a Kalidasa group on yahoo where the lessons are first posted and discussed. The Kendram site also holds "Articles on History of Sanskrit Literature."
- Learn Sanskrit online presentationhas grammar contents grouped as * Sounds * Fundamentals * Details * Making Words * References. The site has an online translieteration tool Sanscript to display Sanskrit script in different formats including Roman+diacritics or IAST.
- Subscribe and read the monthly magazine, sanskR^ita bAlasamvAdaH, edited by Shri Madhav Bade of Kolthare, Dapoli, Dist Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. Some sample issues are given here
03.12,
04.01,
04.02.
- Master Sanskrit Easily written and presented by Dr. Narayan Kansara of Ahmedabad. This is an extensive 301 page tutorial and is well formatted for two sided booklet printing. The entire text is in Roman with Diacritics. Its details are summarized in the Preface text file. Get the PDF files as Title, Parts 1, 2, and 3.
- A step by ste
p lessons in Sanskrit are provided by Swamis from
Chitrapur Math at http://www.chitrapurmath.net/. A registration (free) is needed to access all the lessons. These are excellent tutorials and one must study them as they are presented in lively manner. Many useful files as a compilation from the site are avaialble on scribd.com.
Sanskrit Lessons by Bhikshuni Heng Hsien in 1972 with Chinese/English translation. The lessons are hosted by The Sage City of Ten Thousand Buddhas at cttbusa.org.
There lessons to learn Sanskrit, Pali, and Tibetan at http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/BDLM/en/lesson/fan/lesson_fan1.jsp.
- SaMskRutaadhyayanam with Shri S. L. Abhyankar. Many lessons are provided under the title "Learning Sanskrit in distance learning mode" in addition to help on speaking Sanskrit. Shri Abhyankar participates and guides students of Sanskrit literature in the learnsanskrit.wordpress.com along with Prof. Himanshu Pota. See also http://slezall.blogspot.com/.
- Arshavidya center in founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati
conducts various classes related to Bhagvadgita, Vedanta, and Sanskrit. The website at sanskrit101 contains
Audio classes by Sri Vijay Kapoor
Sanskrit classes on web by Br. Shankara
Alphabets
Classification of Alphabets
Writing of Alphabets
Sanskrit Handbook
Grammar
Dhatukosha
Common verbal roots with preposition
Sanskrit Noun Generator
Sanskrit Verb Generator
Language Analyzers & Generators
Sanskrit Sahakarin by Kumud Singhal
Part1 Vyakarna (new) | Part 2 Katha (new)
Learn Samskratam
Part1:1-59 Part2:60-124 | Part3:125-182 | Part4:183-239 | Part5:242-307 | Part6:307-367
Spiritual Seeker's Essential Guide to Sanskrit prepared by Dennis Waite dennis.waite at virgin.net .
Dr. Sudhir Kaicker, Director, Computer Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, has coordinated development of a Sanskrit tutor called SanskritaPradipika for PC-Windows. It is available for download (after free registration) at http://www.sanskrit-lamp.org. The file size is over 20 Mb.
Gabriel Pradiipaka and Andres Muni have compiled a procedure to Learn Sanskrit Language Step by Step. The FAQ written by Gabriel may be inspiring for new students.
aravindAshrame sa.nskR^itam
at http://sanskrit.sriaurobindoashram.org.in/ is a site for various
online display and audio of Sanskrit tutorials, magazine from Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry. The publications can be ordered from SABDA, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Puducherry - 605 002, India. For Ordering Information http://www.sabda.in.
http://murthygss.tripod.com/ (murthygss at gmail.com) provides Sabdamanjushaa, dhaatumanjari and email based lesson(s) of a Sanskrit course for beginners.
Learn Sanskrit through pictures (from Nepal) using vyAvahArikaM Sanskrit parts
1,
2,
3 from http://www.pustakalaya.org. (Also linked from http://sanskritebooks.wordpress.com, June 2010.)
These books, prepared by Pramodavardhan Kaundinnyayan with guidance from Shivaraj Acharya Kaundinnyayan,
have nicely drawn sketches explaining word meanings and sentences
in Sanskrit. The series of three books are produced for Svadhyayashala,
which is a long running Sanskrit Tradition in Nepal. It provides great classes on Sanskrit, Vedic Way of Life and many more on Vedic Sanatan Dharma.
(Communicated by Ujjwol Lamichhane from Nepal.)
There is a list of Sanskrit grammar books prepared for a serious student of Sanskrit. The list is available in ambaa.org collection.
Vedic Accents:
- Notes on Vedic accents by Charles Wikner.
Postscript and
PDF-Acrobat files. (July 1997).
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ITX |
PS |
PDF |
XDVNG |
GIF
- svaramaJNjarii or vaidikasvarapaddhati text + trans. on Vedic accents
grammar rules related to accents (by Tryambak B. Abhyankar)
A slide presentation with audio clips on Question Making for Sanskrit learners. (password for read only part is 12345). Prepared by S K Mishra.
A comment on svaras by L. Aravind. Also see a simple guide to the anusvAra (the vedic nasal) and Bhrigu Smriti.
The Tâittirîya-Prâtiçâkhya and commentary tribhAShyaratna by William Dwight Whitney has an elaborate presentation on svara system, alphabets, use of anusvAra et cetera.
Other pratishAkhya-s available at Digital Library of India, namely
atharva-praatishaakhya,
Riktantra Sama Veda,
Shukla Yajurveda,
Taittiriya,
Vajasaneyin.
Multimedia format for Learning Sanskrit
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Grammar
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Sanskrit alphabets, their strokes and sounds:
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9.
A note on the pronunciation of vowel R^i by Dhananjay Vaidya
For Devanagari alphabet learning
(recognition of letters, writing method, and sounds) use
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ITrans |
PS |
PDF |
GIF -
A chart of Devanaagarii letters for beginners
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ITrans |
PS |
PDF |
GIF |
HTML -
Consonant-Vowel combination, baaraakhaDii (ka, kaa, ki, ... GYaH)
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ITrans |
PS |
PDF |
HTML -
Numbers (cardinals, ordinals, fractions, time telling) in Sanskrit
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ITrans |
PS |
HTML |
GIF
Numbers in Hindi
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ITrans |
PS |
PDF |
GIF |
HTML
A pronunciation table for the Sanskrit alphabet
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ITrans |
PS |
PDF |
GIF
Introduction to Sanskrit Grammar; (needs proof-reading/correction)
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ITrans |
PS |
PDF
Sanskrit Nouns/Verbs tables - "shabdavibhaktii pratyaya".
(needs proof-reading/correction)
- shabdarUpAvalI, declension tables for many Sanskrit words. The book has an interesting table of contents. This has many
verses listing the words in the book and these are also the main
samples of various words in use. The listing verse for the pronouns
is particularly fun to recite.
- Automatic
vibhaktiipratyaya generation by Gerard Huet's declension
display and grammarian engine.
- Gerard Huet's
Sanskrit reader and sandhi analysis utility
It can break a sentence
in words, try sugandhi.mpu.s.tivardhanam. It requires TeX/Velthuis
convention transliteration entry. The sindhi program is directly linked here.
- Digitized editions and scanned images of Sanskrit-English/German dictionaries are available at Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries.
The web page provides Sanskrit lexicons prepared by the Institute of Indology and Tamil Studies, Cologne University.
The advanced site feature gives the declension of the stem, or gives the stem and declension if you
input the inflected stem.
- GSS Murthy has presented shabdama.njUShA, a casket of shabda-s, words, a compilation of declension tables for nouns in Sanskrit. An index of shabda-s including alphabetical sorting is given to display their declension table. A list of reference books is also provided. Contact Murthy at murthygss at gmail.com for additional details and for corrections.
- The following classes are taught by Shri Satish Karandikar.
All classes are recorded and archived in a website - please see http://tinyurl.com/PaniniLinks
and look for the link titled "2. Webinar Recordings Online"
Also,
- Every Wednesday
Antoinne book 2 - Use of Panini rules to do exercises
- Every Thursday
Raghuvamsa with Mallinatha Suri's commentary
- Every second and fourth Saturday:
2:30 pm - 4:00 pm EST Selected Sutras from Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi to help analyze verses from Bhagavad Gita
4:30 pm - 6:00 pm EST Analysis of verses from Valmiki Ramayanam. Use of Panini rules wherever required.
Please subscribe to http://groups.google.com/group/avg-wknd-sanskrit-class/ to get notifications of classes, webinar etc.
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Smt. Sowmya Krishnapur from Bangalore is teaching Siddhanta
Kaumudi over webinar. These classes are recorded and
uploaded to http://ggss-lessons.org. The current schedule
is Mon, Wed, Fri 8:00 pm - 9:00 pm IST. Please subscribe to
http://groups.google.com/group/gita-govinda-sanskrit to get notifications
of classes, webinar etc.
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Indian Lexicon by Dr. Kalyanraman
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Roots |
ITRANS |
HTML
Dhaatu PaaTha list of 2200 roots from Indian Lexicon Site
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Verbs |
ITRANS |
HTML
Verb forms (Whitney) from Indian Lexicon Site
- Shabda Vyutpatti Nirukta is on-line at:
Nirukta, explanation, etymological interpretation, The Nighantu and the Nirukta, the oldest Indian treatise on etymology, philology and sementics, downlodable Nirukta text at Maharshi University, encoded Nirukta text.
- For etymology searches related to Sanskrit (Skt), see dictionaries and utilities.
- Sanskrit Flash Cards containing over 3000 basic words and their meaning organized in 300+ pages. The site also contains
English translations of plays: Bhasa's Carudatta in Poverty (daridra chaarudattam),
The Minister's Vows (pratij~naa yaugandharaayaNam),
The Vision of Vasavadatta (svapna vaasavadattam),
Harsha's Nagananda and Priyadarshika, and
Kalidasa's Shakuntala. In addition, it has
English translation of Swargarohanika Parvan in Mahabharata, and French translation
Mahâbhârata, Strîparva ou Livre des Femmes.
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TEX |
PS |
PDF -
dhaatu ruupaaNi - verb tables and templates from Himanshu Pota (uses SKT)
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ITrans |
HTML |
JAVA
- Sanskrit word declensions from Avinash Sathaye's
Sanskrit Goodies page (uses
QDATR)
- Dr Shivamurthy Swamiji of
Sri Taralabalu Jagadguru Brihanmath, Sirigere - 577 541
Karnataka, India, has developed a software
Ganakastadhyayi for PC-Win95/98/XP (not for NT) use for broader study of Panini's Ashtadhyayi.
It includes pada-paaTha, Vrittis, and explanation.
The newer version
has the option of selecting Roman script or Devangari script. The Vrittis in Siddhanta Kaumudi and Laghu Kaumudi will also be given seperately. The data is being revised and updated. This also includes explanation on sandhi system.
Panini's Ashtadhyayi or suutrapATha is also available in Sanskrit in different formats among major works.
- A selected word index to the nighaNTu and the nirukta studied and presented by Charles Wikner. The file (postscript and PDF) provides cross-index between some of the chapters, relating to synonyms, list of grammarians, technical terms, dhaatu and word index. The text is in Devanagari and Roman+diacritics. (April 2001).
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The book
Sanskrit Prosody and Numerical Symbols Explained
by Charles Phillip Brown
published in 1869 is available directly at books.google.com or can be searched on the Google books library. Login to an account is needed.
A PDF file of the Sanskrit Prosody available on the "Prosody: Texts and Studies Home Page" of the ancient-buddhist-texts.net. It also has HTML version of Pingala's ChandashAstra, vR^ittaratnAkara, shrutabodha along with Sanskrit buddhacharita.
- Chanting Sanskrit verses in Gaudiya Vaishnavism by Jagadananda Das (Jagat on Granthamandira) on gaudiya.com. The file has a list of Chandas used in Bhagvatam. See also http://jagadanandadas.blogspot.com/search/label/Sanskrit.
- The Department of Classical Indology at University of Heidelberg has developed Sanskrit Metre Recognizer for Prosody/Chanda. Only varNa-vRttas are now recognized in the test version. Input method is Kyoto-Harvard. The collection of Sanskrit resources has The Panian System of Sanskrit Grammar, mukhaM vyAkaraNaM tasya that includes Complete set of Rules,
Complete set of Items, Phoneme Set, Verbal Roots, Affixes, Sigla.
- The audio of the shrutabodha and hindi translation prepared by Dhananjay Vaidya are available
at the esnips site http://www.esnips.com/web/shrutabodha. The rhythm of the metre is maintained (i.e., without any saragama , but maintaining the laghu-guru lengths), with pause at the yati.
- The following links give additional information on Sandhi/Conjunts for Sanskrit.
- Some Simple Sanskrit stories -
- Sanskrit learning/speaking camp experience notes -
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Conversational Sanskrit (lessons and
documents)
Sanskrit Bharati, based in
Bangalore, India (Bharat) has been instrumental in promoting conversational
Sanskrit on world-wide basis. The program has been circulated through camps, publications,
correspondence courses, studies through personal contacts, and by various
means suitable to individual's needs. The following books are some of their publications.
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Software:
-
Bhagavadgita - A verse a day PC/DOS utility by Ajaya Durg.
- Technology Development for Indian Languages, TDIL, a program launched by Department of Information Technology, Govt. of India in 1991, has developed excellent tools related to word processing and analysis of Indian languages. The tools can be downloaded freely with simple registration from
http://tdil.mit.gov.in/. Some of
the software include
Indian Language Keyboard Driver and Fonts
iLEAP an Intelligent, Internet ready Indian language word processor on Windows
Desika: Natural Language Understanding System for Sanskrit
Shabdhabodha:to analyze the semantic and
syntactic structure of Sanskrit sentences.
Geeta Reader
Apex Language Processor (ALP) is a character mode Wordprocessor
Akshar (Word processor) for Windows
Punjabi SpellChecker
Speech Synthesizer
- Sivananda Org -
- http://www.sivananda.org/misc/anim/anim.htm
Chakras
- Animated ShockWave of the Chakras with pronunciations of
the Biija aksharas.
- Ulrich Stiehl's sanskritweb.net has an
http://www.sanskritweb.net/deutsch/ipa_sans.pdf>International Phonetic IPA chart of Sanskrit alphabet pronunciations.
- A research paper The use of Sanskrit, an ancient language, as a tool to evaluate cleft palate speech problems by Kalpesh Gajiwala surprisingly in an Internatinal Journal of Plastic Surgery! "Inherent advantage of this arrangement of Sanskrit alphabets to effectively analyze defective cleft palate speech and provides a tool for surgeons to decide a course of action in their routine clinical practice."
- Sanskrit Pronunciation Audio Utilities for PC/Dos/Win -
- Audio-utility by Dennis Waite -
- Guide to pronunciation of Sanskrit with International phonetic alphabet pronounciation (IPA) prepared by Yves Codet, Toulouse communicated by Sylvain Lavoie, Québec, Canada. (In French) Also see associated International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration.
- Sanskrit Pronunciations - BHAKTI Trust on archive org has an executable file for text and audio of all the sanskrit letters a through ha. Audio is clear. Audio is clear. Requires download and install; double click on the speaker icon. Audio is clear. The L^i pronunciation is incorrect. There are separate text and Wave audio clips that can also be used. Uninstaller is available.
- Sanskrit pronunciation notes from Theosophical society. Good suummary. Should expand to include a note on using nasals of the following letter group for word ending anusvaara.
- Prof. Adheesh Sathaye has developed various Sanskrit related tools at his site
http://www.ubcsanskrit.ca with link from http://sanskrit.asianfolklore.ca.
The list includes Devanagari Script writing tutor, phonology chart, sandhI rules, lessons and exercises,
a Devanagari Qwerty keyboard utility. The utility uses minimal Alt-Shift-Cntrl strokes to represent Devanagari characters. Works on both Windows and Mac.
- Tilak Pyle's neatly arranged tilakpyle.com has several sections related to Sanskrit and Yoga. The Sanskrit pruninciation guide provides basic information such as list of alphabets, names and graphical postures/Asanas, mudras, numbers et cetera.
- Download and install a unique utility, Sanskrit-tools Toolbar for common web browsers, that adds to the collection of links for Sanskrit study. Apart from common utilities such as search engine, time of the day, current temperature and weather, email notifier, it has Sanskrit and Hindi links presented in several categories. The links include Sanskrit news, books, read/write tools, chatting utility, dictionaries, scriptures and literature, scrolling news items from BBC and other Hindi dailies, games, cricket news, stock market analysis and many tools.
- Himanshu Pota has complied various links for learning Hindi which may be useful for learning Sanskrit as well. See http://www.ee.adfa.edu.au/staff/hrp/personal/Hindi/index.html .
He also writes a blog for Learning Sanskrit at http://www.ee.adfa.edu.au/staff/hrp/personal/sanskrit/index.html.
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